Radar, satellite communications and 5G NR use AAS with phased array antennas for beamforming. Hybrid beamforming combines the flexibility of digital beamforming with the efficiency of analog beamforming.
Increasing integration enables compact and cost-efficient AAS. To achieve accurate, reliable and efficient beamforming,...
Published: Sep 03, 2020
Vector Network Analysers (VNA) are gaining popularity in the Signal Integrity community as Time Domain Measurement and Analysis tools.
VNAs with 8 ports or more can provide significant decreases in test time by migrating from a 4-port measurement system to an 8-port measurement system. For tight tolerance DUTs...
Published: Sep 01, 2020
Medical device designers have become increasingly interested in the Linux ® operating system (OS), largely because of its open source model. Linux lets the designer leverage a large pool of developers, a rich legacy of source code, and industry-standard POSIX APIs.
But Linux may not be the right choice for all...
Published: Aug 27, 2020
Design and verification engineers will be learning the importance of ensuring a stable operation and of reducing the risk of failure after any change over the product’s lifetime. Both require a solid characterization of the memory interface.
We will be discussing test and tool requirements such as bandwidth,...
Published: Sep 17, 2020
Functional safety actively prevents the failure of a system from causing harm to people and property. Developers often need to certify a system as compliant with a functional safety standard.
In this report, you’ll learn about functional safety and explore functional safety terms, such as dependability and availability,...
Published: Aug 27, 2020
Deembedding, often a necessary and complex task, is made easier with an integrated hardware and software solution. Whether you are debugging a high-speed interface such as DDR or PCIe, characterising a fast clock or analysing a complex RF signal, you want to see the real signal and not artifacts of the test setup such...
Published: Sep 03, 2020
Today, R&D engineers face challenging time-to-market goals. Extending the product development schedule and delaying the product launch can prove to be extremely costly in terms of opportunity cost and lost market share. Nearly 50 % of products fail EMC compliance the first time.
Every day spent on debugging, isolating...
Published: Oct 06, 2020
Embedded systems security provides mechanisms to protect an embedded system from all types of malicious behaviour, including internal and external threats.
In this report, you’ll learn about embedded systems security, related security terms, software and physical security, and four qualities of embedded systems...
Published: Aug 27, 2020
The pace of innovation has changed. Original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) can no longer take years to introduce new products or update functionality in existing products. If your customers can’t get what they want, when they want it, they’re quick to go elsewhere.
OEMs in nearly every industry are becoming...
Published: Sep 25, 2020
One of the primary purposes of a gate driver is to enable power switches to turn on and off faster, improving rise and fall times. Faster switching enables higher efficiency and higher power density, reducing losses in the power stage associated with high slew rates. However, as slew rates increase, so do measurement and...
Published: Sep 03, 2020
The only system that’s safe from cyberthreats is one that’s never powered on. While this is an overstatement meant to highlight the seriousness of security threats that surround things like our computers and phones, it’s something to be considered as threats to embedded systems evolve.
Today...
Published: Aug 27, 2020
A real-time operating system (RTOS) must be fast and responsive, schedule tasks and manage limited resources, and ensure functions are isolated and free of interference from other functions.
In this report, you’ll learn more about what is a real-time OS and the pros and cons of two types of RTOS architectures:...
Published: Aug 27, 2020
In a design of a modern switch-mode power supplies (SMPS), the designer has to ensure that the converter is operating in its specified values over all circumstances. For example, some of these tests to ensure proper performance are output voltage deviation test, load transient test, output voltage ripple, input voltage...
Published: Sep 03, 2020
In addition to voice connectivity, digital cellular wireless networks such as GSM and its enhancement, GSM-EDGE, can now provide increased data speeds up to a (theoretical) limit of 384Kbps. Third generation mobile networks, such as CDMA2000 and WCDMA or UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications Standards) and TDSCDMA...
Published: Jul 19, 2018